Method of making tool handles



Nov. 22, 1932. pEppERmNE 1,888,885

METHOD OF MAKING TOOL HANDLES Filed May 21, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 um LINVENTOR. Q/ jflendne Y A TTORNE Y.

Patented Nov. 22, 1932 PATENT GFFEE BEN PEPPERDINE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOISMETHOD OF MAKING TOOL HANDLES Application filed May 21,

. The invention relates to improvements in and methods of making toolhandles and has for its primary object the provision of an improved toolhandle of the character indi- 5 cated, which is capable of economicalmanufacture and highly efiicient in use.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved methodof manufacturing tool handles of the character indicated, by means ofwhich highly etlicient and ornamental handles of the character indicated may be economically produced.

Other objects will appear hereinafter.

The invention consists in the combinations and arrangements of parts andthe methods hereinafter described and claimed.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings forming a part of this specification, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a section of rod employed in making the headportion of the tool handle;

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the condition of the end of the rodafter the performance of the first cutting operation thereon;

Fig. 3, a similar view showing the condition of the end of the rod afterthe performance of the second operation thereon;

Fig. 4, a detail view showing the condition of the end of the rod afterthe performance of the third operation thereon;

Fig. 5, a view showing the condition of the rod and tool head as andwhen severed from each other;

Fig. 6, a side View of the head after it has been flattened on oppositesides;

Fig. 7, an end View of the head corresponding with Fig. 6;

Fig. 8, a partial side view of the head after a transverse bearingopening has been formed therein;

Fig. 9, a section of the head after one end of said bearing opening hasbeen enlarged to form a bearing socket and an annular nut receivingsocket;

Fig. 10, a view similar to Fig. 9 and taken substantially on line 10-10of Fig. 13 show- 1932. Serial No. 612,769.

ing the annular nut receiving socket threaded for the reception of saidnut;

Fig. 11, a view of the head after an additional transverse bearingopening has been formed therein;

Fig. 12, a view of the head showing the opposite side of the head fromthat shown in Fig. 11 and after a second bearing socket has been formedtherein;

Fig. 13, a side view of the completed head shown partially in section;

Fig. 14, a section of the completed head taken substantially on line 1l1 l of Fig. 12;

Fig. 15, a side view of the completed tool after the tool elements havebeen mounted in the tool handle;

Fig. 16, a section taken substantially on line 16-16 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17, an enlarged section taken substantially on line 1717 of Fig.16; and

Fig. 18, a view similar to Fig. 17 but showing the ratchet pawl in itsother operative position.

In carrying on the improved method for production of the tool handle, asection 20 of steel rod of a diameter equal to or slightly greater thanthe desired diameter of the head of the tool handle, is mounted in ascrew machine or similar element for revolving the same. A suitable toolis then applied to the side of the end of the rod 20, cutting andforming the same into the form shown in Fig. 2, in which thesubstantially hemispherical head 21 is formed as shown, and acylindrical stem 22 is formed at the extreme end of the rod, theperipheries of the head and stem being connected as shown bysubstantially conical surface, and the whole retained in connection withthe body of the rod 20 by means of a narrow neck or stem portion 23.Then a socket opening 2% is bored centrally in the end of the stem. 22and extending into the body of the head 21, as shown in Fig. 3. Then theouter end of the socket 2 1: is enlarged to form a plug receiving socket25, as shown in Fig. 4. Then a suitable tool is applied to remove theneck 23, thereby severing the head from the body of the rod 20 andcompleting the hemispherical form of said head, as in dicated in Fig. 5.

enlarged to form a "a cylindrical annular nut in the tool handle head.To this end, a hole 27, indicated in. 8, may be first bored transverselythrough the head c centrically with the curved end thereof. The hole 9]?is cylinoricz-l s 2, and

as best shown in Fig. 9, tac socket internally threaded as Anothertransverse ope I headin proximity to the'sosl'ict L opening enlarged'toform 1 tne so. ket

tending into the head from the sine to the open end of the soc et an d31 being of a diameter to intersem A threaded re 28, as best shown inFig.

taining screw hole is adjacent the socket 01, a

A plug is snugly the socket 25 thereby end to the stem an is butt weldedindicated in end of the stem 22, thus comple member for the reception ofthe to-cl c The extreme end of the shank is prer cab y knurled as at 35to form a better hand grip thereon.

By means of the method disclosed, handle member of strc durable, andornamental appea ay be reao and economically constructed, largely screwmachine operati The tool elements she n s mounted in tool handle thusproducer.

to fit loosely within the sec vided at one side with an or boss 37adapted to it 27 at the bottom of the so i wheel 36 is provided on itscorresponding and similar 38 and beyond that with an inter wrench head39, shown. The W) the. 39 is properly rovided on one side r yieldinglyretaining spring-held adapted and arranged to yield the same in a socketll of socks; head 42, as indicated, and wh reby 1 adily detachableconnection between the socket wrench head 42 and the wrench head 39 isaiiorded. I

The ratchet wheel 36 is retained in the socket 28 by means or" anannular securing nut 4-3 threaded into the socket 29 and provided withpin holes 44 for engagement by a spider wrench or similar tool fortighten ing or loosening said nut. By this arrangement, a strong,durable and highly etiicient mounting is provided for the ratchet wheel86 and the wrench head 39.

An oscillatory pawl member is mounted in the socket 31 in co-operativerelationship with the ratchet wheel 36, said pawl memher beingpreferably formed from a section of cylindrical rod and provided with a.bearing surface or collar to snugly fitting the socket 31. Adjacent thebearing collar 45, the pawl member is provided with three recesses L6,best shown in Figs. recesses being preferably out on a milling machineshown and forming the body or a pawl into substantially triangular formwith three equally spaced'apices l'l'. At its lower end, the pawl memberis provided with a trunnion or cylindrical boss 48 fitting the bear-inopening 30, thereby providing a complete and balanced mounting for thepaw At i s upper end, the pawl member is provided wi knurled opera-tinghead 50, the groove l9 receiving a bi. cated retaining plate 51 held inilace by a retaining screw as shown.

l in said socket in co-operative relation nip with one oi. the apices l?of the triangular pawl member as best shown in l7 and 18. Thearrangement is such 17 and 18, said l annular groove 49 and a that onethe other spices at? is always in co-opcrative spring-held pawlengagement with the ratchet wheel 86, as shown, being yieldingly held insuch relationship by the action of: the ball As indicated in Fig. 1?,this relationship is such wheel 36 and the wrench head e held fromrotation in one direction but rotation in the other direction permitted,thereby forming the tool into a. ratchet wrench for turning socketwrenches in one direction, as will be readily understood by thoseskilled in this art. If desired, the pawl member may be rocked by meansof the operating head 50 to throw the other adjacent that the ratchet 39Wlll thus apex i? into co-operative relationship with the ratchet wheel36, indicated in 18, the ball 54 yielding into the socket 2% to permitof SUVA adjustment and retaining the pawl member in such co-operativerelationship. Gbviously, by so adjusting member, the mechanism is soshifted as to permit out rotation of the wrench head 39 in the oppositedirection, thereby permitting use of the tool for rotating the socket d2in eitl direction as and when desired ly this arrangement, a simple andeffective double-acting ratchet tool or wrench which is strong, durableand highly efiicient in use may be economically produced. The

various co-operating parts of the tool ele-' ments are largely such asto be capable of being mace in whole or in part on an automatic screwmachine and are, therefore, ca pable of accurate and economicalproduction. The specific form and arrangement of the pawl ..V

parts disclosed Will be found to be a simple and effective one for thepurpose.

While I have illustrated and described the preferred method of procedureand form of construction for carrying the invention into effect, theseare capable of variation and modification without departing from thespirit of the invention. I, therefore, do not Wish to be limited to theprecise details of construction set forth but desire to avail myself ofsuch variations and modifications as come Within the scope of theappended claims.

I claim:

1. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head and stem; and then flattening opposite sides of saidhead and Welding a handle shank to said stem.

2. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head at its inner end and a stem at its outer end; thenboring a socket into the end of said stem extending into said head; thenenlarging the outer end of said socket to form a plug socket; and thenflattening opposite sides of said head, inserting a plug in said plugsocket and Welding a handle shank to said stem.

3. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head and stem; then flattening opposite sides of said headand Welding a handle shank to said stem; and then forming one or morebearings for tool elements in said head.

4. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head at its inner end and a stem at its outer end; thenboring a socket into the end of said stem extending into said head; thenenlarging the outer end of said socket to form a plug socket; thenflattening opposite sides of said head, inserting a plug in said plugsocket and Welding a handle shank to said stem; and then forming one ormore bearings for tool elements in said head.

5. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head and stem; then flattening opposite sides of said headand Welding a handle shank to said stem; and then forming transversebearing sockets in opposite sides of said head.

6. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head at its inner end and a stem at its outer end; thenboring a socket into the end of said stem extending into said head; thenenlarging the outer end of said socket to form a plug socket; thenflattening opposite sides of said head, inserting a plug in said plugsocket and Welding a handle shank to said stem; and then formingtransverse bearing sockets in opposite sides of said head.

7 The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head and stem; then flattening opposite sides of said headand Welding a handle shank to said stem; and then forming transversebearing sockets in opposite sides of said head in intersecting,co-operative relationship.

8. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving and cutting a suitable body to form a substantiallyhemispherical head at its inner end and a stem at its outer end; thenboring a socket into the end of said stem extending into said head; thenenlarging the outer end of said socket to form a plug socket; thenflattening opposite sides of said head, inserting a plug in said plugsocket and Welding a handle shank to said stem; and then formingtransverse bearing sockets in opposite sides of said head inintersecting, co-operative relationship.

9. The method of making tool handles of the class described, consistingin first revolving a rod and cutting said rod to form a substantiallyhemispherical head at its inner end and a cylindrical stem at its outerend, the peripheries of said head and stem being joined by means of asubstantially conical surface; then boring a socket into the end of saidstem extending into said head; then enlarging the outer end of saidsocket forming a plug socket; then flattening opposite sides of saidhead, inserting a plug in said plug socket and Welding a handle shank tosaid stem; and then forming tWo transverse, cylindrical bearing socketsin opposite sides of said head in intersecting, co-operativerelationship With the bottom of each socket provided With a concentricbearing opening, the open end of one of said sockets being provided Witha threaded enlargement for the reception of an annular securing nut.

In Witness thatI claim the foregoing as my invention, I affix mysignature this 17th day of May, 1932.

BEN PEPPERDINE.

